Euro weakens against US Dollar amid Middle East tensions

EUR/USD extends its losses for the second consecutive day, trading around 1.1520 during the Asian hours on Friday. The currency pair faces downward pressure as the US Dollar (USD) gains strength, propelled by renewed safe-haven demand among global investors.

Escalating tensions in the Strait of Hormuz have rattled market stability and created significant skepticism regarding the reopening of this critical shipping route. Market caution remains elevated as Iran's parliament evaluates a draft proposal that seeks to prohibit US and Israeli vessels, levy a 20% cargo penalty on hostile nations, and maintain restrictions on the corridor until the US blockade is removed.

Adding to the market volatility, rising US Treasury yields and a rebound in crude oil prices have stoked fears that the Federal Reserve might implement another interest rate hike next month. Despite these inflationary signals, the CME FedWatch Tool currently reflects a 54.5% probability of a 25-basis-point rate increase in September, down from 63.4% last week. Investors and traders are now closely eyeing the upcoming July Nonfarm Payrolls (NFP) report to gauge the health of the labor market and better anticipate the Fed's monetary policy path.

Across the Atlantic, economic indicators in the Euro Area present a challenging backdrop. Eurozone Retail Sales unexpectedly contracted by 0.3% month-on-month in June, missing market projections for a 0.1% growth and almost completely unwinding May's revised 0.4% gain. On an annual basis, Retail Sales rose by merely 0.7%, the weakest performance since July 2024, falling short of the expected 1.0% expansion and decelerating sharply from May's 1.9% increase.

Furthermore, the recovery in oil prices could dampen hopes that declining energy costs would alleviate pressure on central banks to keep policy tight. Following the European Central Bank's (ECB) decision to hold interest rates steady at its most recent meeting, markets expect only one more ECB rate hike by the end of the year, alongside a roughly 40% chance of a second increase.

Kocher flags autumn data focus as geopolitical risks cloud Euro inflation

ECB's Kocher scores 5.6/10 on FXS Speechtracker, below the historic average of 6.3/10, pointing to a slightly less forceful tone than usual. The emphasis on how quickly geopolitical developments can alter energy prices and the inflation outlook highlights upside risks to Euro-area prices, which leans modestly hawkish despite the softer score.

The commitment that in autumn the ECB Governing Council will base decisions on incoming data to bring Euro-area inflation back to 2% on a sustainable basis reinforces a data-dependent but vigilant stance. Overall, the speech suggests a cautious hawkish bias, with Kocher keeping the door open to renewed tightening or a slower easing path if energy-driven inflation pressures re-emerge.