Infographic | Overview of U.S. Dependence on 37 Key Minerals: 11 Minerals Are 100% Dependent on Imports

Gelonghui March 2｜According to data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the chart below shows the United States' net import reliance on 37 critical minerals, as well as the main supplier countries from 2021 to 2024. Overall, the United States is completely dependent on imports for 11 critical minerals, including graphite, gallium, and rare elements such as scandium and yttrium, and relies on imports for more than 50% of another 21 critical minerals. China plays a central role in the U.S. mineral supply chain, serving as the main source for arsenic, graphite, tantalum, yttrium, antimony, and rare earths. The net import reliance for uranium, a key material for nuclear energy, is as high as 99%, with the main suppliers being Kazakhstan, Canada, and Russia. The United States is also heavily dependent on imports for various industrial and energy transition metals. Lithium (net import reliance over 50%) and copper (57%) mainly come from Chile, cobalt (79%) is mainly imported from Norway, while nickel (41%), aluminum (60%), and zinc (73%) are primarily sourced from Canada.